utism is commonly associated with a number of medical conditions that affect multiple organ systems. The gastrointestinal tract is among the most common of these “comorbidities.” In particular, many children and adults with autism suffer from constipation, diarrhea, intestinal abnormalities and related issues. “In many cases, these GI issues may worsen autism’s behavioral symptoms, either directly or indirectly,” says developmental pediatrician Paul Wang, Autism Speaks senior vice president and head of medical research. In calling for high-quality research proposals in this area, Autism Speaks recognizes a number of high-priority needs: GI Pain and Behavior The pain and discomfort associated with GI conditions can cause behavioral problems, ranging from irritability and inattentiveness to self-injury. This is particularly true for those who have limited or no verbal skills to express their distress. “Autism-related communication challenges can make it difficult for therapists and healthcare providers to recognize GI problems in individuals with autism,” Dr. Wang says. “Too often, their GI disorders go untreated, and medication is used to control behavior instead of treating the underlying GI problem.” Autism Speaks recognizes the great need for clear, evidence-based guidelines for evaluating possible GI disorders and other medical issues in children and adults with autism, especially when new behavioral challenges arise. Exploring Gut-Brain Pathways A growing body of research suggests that some GI abnormalities influence autism-related behaviors directly through gut-brain interactions. One route would be inflammation in the intestines spilling over to produce inflammation in the brain. Some research has linked changes in gut microflora to altered brain function and behavior. Still other studies suggest that certain diets and nutrients can change GI health and brain function. “Many of these processes in the GI and nervous systems may be interconnected,” Dr. Wang says. “Yet they are largely unexplored, even in animal models.” Call for research proposals With its new request for grant applications, Autism Speaks seeks proposals that address the above issues. In particular, it is looking for clinical (patient-centered) research that advances the following: * Understanding of the relationship between gut processes, brain function and autism symptoms * Development of medical guidelines for evaluating individuals with autism for GI problems and other medical conditions that may be causing new behavioral challenges * Interventions that can correct or improve abnormal gut microflora or gut inflammation in those with autism * GI treatments that improve autism symptoms and brain function * Understanding of how autism and its associated medical conditions can affect an individual’s nutritional health * Understanding of the mechanisms that link GI and nervous system processes in individuals with autism.
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